Typescript Basics

TypeScript is a programming language that is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript. It is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. TypeScript adds optional types, classes, interfaces, and other features to JavaScript, making it more suitable for large-scale projects and improving developer productivity.

Here are a few basic concepts to get you started with TypeScript:Types: TypeScript supports several built-in types such as numbers, strings, booleans, and more. You can specify the type of a variable by using a colon followed by the type, for example: let x: number = 5;

Interfaces: Interfaces in TypeScript provide a way to define a contract for the shape of an object. They define the properties, methods, and events of an object. For example:

interface Person {
    firstName: string;
    lastName: string;
}

Classes: TypeScript supports classes, which are a way to create objects with a specific structure and behavior. Classes have properties, constructors, and methods. For example:

class Student {
    fullName: string;
    constructor(public firstName: string, public middleInitial: string, public lastName: string) {
        this.fullName = firstName + " " + middleInitial + " " + lastName;
    }
}

Generics: TypeScript supports generics, which allow you to write code that can work with multiple types, rather than being specific to one type. For example:

function identity<T>(arg: T): T {
    return arg;
}
let output = identity<string>("myString");  // type of output will be 'string'

Decorators: TypeScript supports decorators, which are functions that modify the behavior of a class, property, method, or method parameter. Decorators are a way to add metadata to a class, property, method, or method parameter. For example:

function sealed(target: Function) {
    // do something with 'target'
}

@sealed
class MyClass {
    // class implementation
}

These are just a few basic concepts to get you started with TypeScript. There are many more advanced features and libraries available in TypeScript, such as advanced types, async/await, and decorators.